Mu gihe u Rwanda rukomeje kongera ingengo y’imari ya Leta, iya 2026/2027 yageze kuri miliyari 7.796,3 Frw ivuye kuri miliyari 6.952,1 Frw mu mwaka ushize. Ariko impaka ntizikiri ku ngano y’ingengo y’imari, ahubwo zishingiye ku buryo itegurwa, uko ikoreshwa n’umusaruro itanga ku baturage.
Raporo z’umugenzuzi mukuru w’imari ya Leta (OAG), ibikorwa bya PAC n’isesengura ry’impuguke bikomeje kugaragaza miliyari zitakoreshejwe, umutungo wa Leta udakoreshwa n’imishinga idatanga umusaruro, ibintu bishimangira ko ikibazo kiri mu igenamigambi no mu micungire y’umutungo wa rubanda.
Iyi nkuru irasesengura impamvu nubwo ingengo y’imari y’u Rwanda ikomeje kwiyongera buri mwaka, raporo z’igenzura zikigaragaza amafaranga adakoreshwa, ibikorwa bidatanga umusaruro n’umutungo wa Leta udakoreshwa. Ni isesengura rishingiye ku mibare ya Guverinoma, raporo z’umugenzuzi mukuru w’imari ya Leta, ibikorwa bya PAC, ibitekerezo by’impuguke ndetse n’ijwi ry’abaturage.
Ingengo y’imari irazamuka, ariko ikibazo kiri mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yatangaje ko ingengo y’imari ya 2026/2027 ingana na miliyari 7.796,3 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, ivuye kuri miliyari 6.952,1 z’umwaka wa 2025/2026. Ibi bivuze ko mu mwaka umwe yiyongereyeho miliyari 844,2 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, bingana n’izamuka rya 12%.
Mu byashyizwe imbere muri iyi ngengo y’imari harimo gukomeza gushora imari mu buhinzi, by’umwihariko mu nyongeramusaruro no kuhira imyaka, gukomeza kwagura ibikorwa bya RwandAir, no kongera ubushobozi bw’igihugu bwo guhangana n’ingaruka z’izamuka ry’ibiciro ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Ni muri urwo rwego amafaranga yo kunganira abahinzi mu kugura ifumbire yavuye kuri miliyari 39 agera kuri miliyari 64 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda. Ni ukuvuga izamuka rya miliyari 25 Frw cyangwa hafi 64%.
Icyakora, uko ingengo y’imari ikomeza kwiyongera ni na ko hibazwa ubushobozi bwo kuyishyira mu bikorwa uko yateguwe. Imibare ya Minisiteri y’imari n’igenamigambi igaragaza ko hagati ya Nyakanga na Ukuboza 2025, Leta yari yateganyije gukoresha miliyari 3.213,9 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, ariko hakoreshejwe miliyari 2.931,6 gusa. Ibyo bivuze ko miliyari 282,3 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda zitakoreshejwe mu mezi atandatu ya mbere y’umwaka w’ingengo y’imari.
Iyo mibare ni yo yatumye hibazwa niba ikibazo kiri mu bushobozi bwo kubona amafaranga, cyangwa niba kiri mu mitegurire no mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ingengo y’imari.
Raporo za OAG na PAC zigaragaza icyuho mu ikoreshwa ry’umutungo wa Leta
Raporo y’umugenzuzi mukuru w’imari ya Leta (OAG) ya 2021/2022 yagaragaje ko mu bigo 66 bya Leta hari umutungo ufite agaciro ka miliyari zirenga 124 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda udakoreshwa cyangwa ukoreshwa ku rwego rwo hasi. Izi miliyari zikaba ari hafi 1.6% by’ingengo y’imari yose ya 2026/2027. Uwo mutungo ugizwe n’inyubako, ibikoresho n’ibikorwa remezo byubatswe ariko ntibibyazwe umusaruro nk’uko byari biteganyijwe.
Raporo zakurikiyeho zakomeje kugaragaza ibibazo birimo imishinga itinda kurangira, amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ndetse n’ibikorwa remezo bidatanga umusaruro. Ibi bibazo ntibyagaragaye ahantu hamwe gusa, ahubwo byagaragajwe mu turere dutandukanye tw’igihugu.
Urugero ni mu Karere ka Nyagatare, aho isesengura rya raporo z’igenzura ryagaragaje ko isoko rya Rukomo ryubatswe ritwaye miliyoni 935 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda n’isoko rya Kabuga ryatwaye miliyoni 329 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda bifite ibice byinshi bidakoreshwa cyangwa bidatanga umusaruro wari utegerejwe.
Ku rwego rw’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, komisiyo ishinzwe gukurikirana imikoreshereze y’imari n’umutungo bya Leta (PAC) yatangaje ko igiye kubariza mu ruhame inzego 76 za Leta ku makosa yagaragajwe muri raporo y’umwaka warangiye muri Kamena 2025.
Perezida wa PAC, Depite Muhakwa Valens yagize ati: “Intego yacu ni ukureba ko buri faranga rya Leta ryakoreshejwe icyo ryateganyirijwe, ku gihe kandi hatabayeho gusesagura.”
Imishinga itegurwa idashingiye ku bushakashatsi no ku bikenewe n’abaturage
Ku mpuguke mu bukungu Dr. Rusa Bagirishya, ikibazo si ukubura amafaranga Leta ifite, ahubwo ni uburyo imishinga imwe itegurwa idashingiye ku bushakashatsi no ku bikenewe n’abaturage.
Dr. Rusa avuga ko ingengo y’imari ari inyandiko y’ibiteganywa, bityo ko bishoboka ko habaho impinduka hagati y’ibiteganywa n’ibigerwaho. Agira ati: “Budget ni provisionnaire.”
Asobanura ko impinduka mu bukungu, zirimo abafunga ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi cyangwa abashya babitangira, zishobora kugira ingaruka ku misoro igihugu kiba giteganya kwinjiza.
Dr. Rusa avuga ko ikibazo atari ukubura amafaranga, ahubwo ari uburyo imishinga imwe itegurwa idashingiye ku bushakashatsi no ku bikenewe n’abaturage.
Akomeza agira ati: “Hari igihe isoko ryagombaga kubakwa ritwaye miliyoni eshanu rirangira ritwaye miliyoni esheshatu. Icyo ni ikibazo muri gestion du budget.”
Yongeraho ko imbogamizi nyamukuru iba mu micungire y’ingengo y’imari aho kuba mu bushobozi bwo kubona amafaranga.
Ku bijyanye n’uruhare rw’abaturage, ashimangira ko abaturage baba bahagarariwe n’Abadepite mu gutegura no kwemeza ingengo y’imari, ariko ikibazo kikaba igihe abo bahagarariye abaturage batababajije neza cyangwa ntibakurikize ibyifuzo byabo.
Dr. Rusa yanatanze urugero rw’uruganda rutunganya nyiramugengeri rwubatswe mu Karere ka Gisagara ariko nyuma bikaza kugaragara ko nta nyiramugengeri ihagije ihari, ibituma n’ ubu rudatanga umusaruro wari witezwe.
Intego si ugukoresha amafaranga yose
Sano Alain Mugenzi, ushinzwe gukurikirana no gusuzuma gahunda n’imicungire y’ubumenyi muri Transparency International Rwanda, avuga ko ibibazo byinshi bishingiye ku ntege nke mu igenamigambi, gutinda gutanga amasoko no gukurikirana nabi imishinga.
Yasobanuye ko amafaranga adakoreshwa yose atari ko buri gihe aba yaranyerejwe, ahubwo ko akenshi ibikorwa biba bitarashyizwe mu bikorwa nk’uko byari biteganyijwe.
Mugenzi agira ati: “Intego ntabwo ari ugukoresha amafaranga yose gusa, ahubwo ni ukureba niba yakoreshejwe neza kandi yatanze umusaruro abaturage bari bategereje.”
Mugenzi yongeyeho ko ibikorwa bimwe bidatanga umusaruro kubera inyigo zidakwiye no kudateganya uko bizabyazwa umusaruro nyuma yo kubakwa. Yasabye ko hakongerwa uruhare rw’abaturage, hagashyirwa mu bikorwa inama z’ Umugenzuzi mukuru w’ imari ya Leta kandi abayobozi bagakomeza kubazwa inshingano.
Abaturage bifuza kumenya aho amafaranga yabo ajya
Ibi bitekerezo by’impuguke bihura n’ibyo bamwe mu baturage batanga ku buryo ingengo y’imari itegurwa n’uko ikoreshwa.
Rugira Emmanuel wo mu Karere ka Rwamagana avuga ko abaturage bakwiye kubazwa ibyifuzo byabo mbere yo gutegura ingengo y’imari.
Agira ati: “Mu nteko z’abaturage tugenda tugaragaza ibikorwa dukeneye. Uyu muhanda uva Rugende ugera i Karenge ni kimwe mu byo tumaze igihe dusaba.”
Ku ruhande rw’abacuruzi, Jean Claude Habimana avuga ko nubwo hari aho igihugu kimaze kugera mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo, abaturage bibaza niba amafaranga yabo akoreshwa neza.
Habimana akomeza ati: “Twifuza ko buri mushinga utegurwa neza mbere yo gutangira, ugashyirwa mu bikorwa ku gihe kandi abaturage bagahabwa amakuru ku musaruro wawo.”
Ibi Habimana abihuriraho na Chantal Mahoro, undi muturage na we usanga abaturage bakwiye kugira uruhare rugaragara mu kumenya uko amafaranga y’igihugu akoreshwa.
Mahoro agira ati: “Abaturage ni twe twishyura imisoro, ni yo mpamvu twifuza kumenya aho amafaranga ajya n’icyo akoreshwa.”
Buri faranga rigomba gutanga umusaruro
Iyo usesenguye raporo z’Umugenzuzi Mukuru w’Imari ya Leta, ibikorwa PAC iri gukurikirana, ibitekerezo bya Dr. Rusa Bagirishya n’isesengura rya Transparency International Rwanda, usanga byose bihurira ku ngingo imwe: ikibazo gikomeye si ukubona amafaranga menshi, ahubwo ni uburyo ategurwa, acungwa kandi akabyazwa umusaruro.
Mu gihe u Rwanda rukomeje kongera ingengo y’imari no gushora imari mu mishinga y’iterambere, impuguke zigaragaza ko kunoza igenamigambi, gukora inyigo zishingiye ku bimenyetso, gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imishinga no kubaza inshingano abayobozi bireba ari byo bizatuma umutungo wa rubanda urushaho gutanga umusaruro.
Mu myaka iri imbere, ikibazo ntikizaba niba ingengo y’imari izakomeza kwiyongera, kuko ibyo bisa n’ibyamaze kuba ihame. Ahubwo ikizagena agaciro kayo ni uko buri faranga rizakoreshwa neza, buri mushinga ugashingira ku nyigo zinoze kandi ugashyirwa mu bikorwa uko wateguwe, ku gihe, ndetse ukageza ku baturage inyungu wari ugamije. Ni bwo izamuka ry’ingengo y’imari rizahinduka iterambere rifatika rigaragarira mu mibereho y’Abanyarwanda, aho kugarukira ku mibare iri mu nyandiko zemezwa buri mwaka.
