Kwimura abaturage ku nyungu rusange ni imwe mu ngamba zikoreshwa mu gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga y’iterambere mu Rwanda. Ariko iyo hagezwe ku igenagaciro ry’imitungo n’ingurane ihabwa abimurwa, hari abavuga ko amafaranga bagenerwa atajyanye n’agaciro k’imitungo yabo. Amategeko ateganya uko igenagaciro rikorwa, uburenganzira bw’umuturage utanyuzwe naryo ndetse n’inzira zikoreshwa kugira ngo haboneke ingurane iboneye kandi itangwa mu mucyo.
Mu gitondo cyo muri 2022 mu Karere ka Gasabo, Umurenge wa Remera, Akagari ka Nyabisindu, Nyiramwiza Emeliyana yahagaze areba inzu ye n’ubutaka bwayo bwa nyuma. Hari hashize imyaka irenga 20 atuye aho.
Uwo munsi yari agiye gusinya inyandiko yemera ingurane yagenwe ku mutungo we, ariko atanyuzwe. Yagize ati “Barebye ku mpapuro bavuga ko inzu yanjye ifite agaciro k’amafaranga miliyoni 18, nyamara narayishyizeho arenga ayo. None ayo mafaranga nayajyana he ngo nongere kubona inzu imeze nk’iyo nari mfite”
Inkuru ya Nyiramwiza ni imwe mu zigaragaza ibibazo bamwe mu baturage bahura na byo iyo bagiye kwimurwa mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga y’iterambere.
Iterambere risaba kwimura abaturage
Mu gihe u Rwanda rukataje mu iterambere, iyubakwa ry’imihanda, inzu zigeretse, imishinga y’ingufu ndetse n’imiturire igezweho biri mu nkingi zifasha igihugu kuzamura ubukungu no kunoza imibereho y’abaturage.
Ariko rimwe na rimwe, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iyi mishinga risaba kwimura abaturage batuye mu duce tugiye kubakwamo ibyo bikorwa.
Ni muri urwo rwego Itegeko Nº 32/2015 ryo ku wa 11 Kamena 2015 rigenga kwimura abantu ku nyungu rusange riteganya ko umuntu wese wimuwe agomba guhabwa ingurane ikwiye ku mutungo we.
Iyo abaturage bagiye kwimurwa, habanza gukorwa igenagaciro ry’imitungo yabo kugira ngo hamenyekane amafaranga bagomba guhabwa nk’ingurane.
Itegeko risobanura ko igenagaciro rigomba gushingira ku gaciro nyakuri k’umutungo ku isoko, hagasuzumwa ibintu biri aho umutungo uherereye, imiterere yawo, imyaka umaze ndetse n’ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mu kuwubaka.
Amategeko ateganya kandi ko ingurane ishobora gutangwa mu mafaranga cyangwa mu mutungo ungana n’uwo uwimurwa yari afite hashingiwe ku bwumvikane bw’impande zombi.
Hari aho byagiye bikorwa mu buryo bwo guha abaturage imitungo isimbura iyabo aho kuba amafaranga gusa.
Urugero ni urw’abaturage bimuwe mu gice cya Mpazi mu Mujyi wa Kigali, aho bamwe bahawe inzu nshya zubatse mu midugudu yateguwe aho guhabwa amafaranga ngo bishakire aho batura.
Intego y’ubu buryo ni ugufasha abaturage kubona aho batura hatarangwamo ibibazo byo gushakisha ubutaka cyangwa kubaka bushya.
Igenagaciro ry’imitungo n’impamvu bamwe batanyurwa
Jean de Dieu Habakuki, umwe mu baturage bigeze kwimurwa mu Karere ka Kicukiro ubwo hagurwaga umuhanda, avuga ko uburyo igenagaciro ryakozweho bwatumye bamwe batanyurwa.
Agira ati “Twabonye abagenagaciro baza umunsi umwe bareba inzu, ntibadusobanurira byinshi ku buryo babaze agaciro kayo. Nyuma batubwira umubare tutumva aho bawukuye.”
Ku ruhande rw’abagenagaciro, bavuga ko bakoresha uburyo bwizewe bugamije kugena agaciro nyakuri k’umutungo hashingiwe ku bintu byinshi birimo igiciro cy’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi ku isoko n’imiterere y’aho umutungo uherereye.
Amategeko ateganya ko igenagaciro ry’imitungo y’abaturage rikorwa n’abagenagaciro bemewe na Leta bashyirwaho n’urwego rufite mu nshingano kwimura abaturage.
Nyuma yo gukora igenagaciro, raporo igaragaza agaciro k’umutungo ishyikirizwa inzego zibishinzwe kugira ngo yemezwe.
Ibi bigamije gutuma habaho umucyo mu kumenyesha abaturage agaciro k’imitungo yabo mbere y’uko hatangwa ingurane.
Amategeko y’u Rwanda ateganya ko umuturage ufite umutungo ugomba kwimurwa afite uburenganzira bwo kutemera igenagaciro igihe abona ko ritabaze neza agaciro k’umutungo we.
Iyo umuturage atanyuzwe n’igenagaciro, afite uburenganzira bwo gushaka undi mugenagaciro wigenga, wemewe na Leta, kugira ngo asubiremo igenagaciro.
Bwana Leo Ufitabe, umugenagaciro w’umwuga wemewe na Leta, asobanura ko amategeko ateganya igihe ntarengwa cyo gusaba iri genagaciro rishya.
Agira ati:“Umuturage utanyuzwe n’igenagaciro afite iminsi irindwi uhereye ku munsi igenagaciro rya mbere ryakozwe, kugira ngo asabe ko rihindurwa n’undi mugenagacaro wigenga.”
Nyuma yo kubara agaciro k’umutungo, umugenagacaro mushya ashobora kuganira n’uwakoze igenagaciro rya mbere kugira ngo bahuze imibare.
Icyemezo bahurizaho cyitwa Fair Value, cyangwa agaciro nyakuri kemejwe n’impande zombi.
Iyo na bwo umuturage atanyuzwe, aregera inkiko kugira ngo zifate umwanzuro wa nyuma.
Icyo amategeko ateganya n’ingaruka ku mibereho y’abaturage
Minisiteri y’Ibikorwaremezo ivuga ko gahunda zo kwimura abaturage zigamije inyungu rusange kandi zikorwa hubahirijwe amategeko. Ku rundi ruhande Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe imiturire Rwanda Housing Authority RHA kivuga ko hari abaturage rimwe na rimwe bashaka amafaranga y’umurengera ku mitungo yabo atajyanye n’agaciro nyakuri kayo.
Icyakora RHA ivuga ko ishishikariza abaturage kugira uruhare mu biganiro bikorwa mbere yo kwemeza igenagaciro ry’imitungo yabo ndetse no kwimurwa.
Amategeko ateganya kandi ko ingurane igomba kwishyurwa mbere y’uko umuturage yimurwa mu mutungo we.
Uburyo bwo kwishyura bushobora kuba amafaranga cyangwa undi mutungo ungana n’uwo uwimurwa yari afite hashingiwe ku bwumvikane bw’impande zombi. Ibi bikaba bigamije kurinda umuturage kwimurwa atarabona ingurane ye.
Mu gihe uwimura abaturage atinze kwishyura ingurane cyangwa agahagarika umushinga nyuma y’uko igenagaciro ryamaze gukorwa, itegeko riteganya ko ashobora gusabwa gutanga indishyi y’inyongera igera kuri 5% by’ingurane yagombaga guhabwa uwimurwa.
Iyi ngingo igamije kurinda abaturage guhura n’ingaruka zituruka ku gutinda kw’imishinga cyangwa ku kudahabwa amafaranga yabo ku gihe.
Niyireba Prisca utuye mu Karere ka Kayonza mu Murenge wa Rwinkwavu Akagari ka Gishanda ni umwe mu baturage bimuwe kubera umushinga wo kwagura Valley Dam ya Gishanda.
Uyu mushinga ugamije kongera amazi yo kuhira imyaka ku bahinzi batuye mu nkengero z’iyo damu aho biteganyijwe ko uzafasha kuhira ubuso bungana na hegitari zigera kuri 200.
Prisca avuga ko we na bagenzi be bahawe ingurane ku masambu yabo kandi ko banyuzwe n’uburyo igenagaciro ryakozwe. Yagize ati “Batubariye neza agaciro k’amasambu yacu kandi twarayemeye. Nishyuwe mu byiciro bitewe n’aho ibikorwa by’umushinga byageraga.”
Uyu mushinga ushyirwa mu bikorwa n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi RAB ku bufatanye n’umushinga wa KIIWP, Kayonza Irrigation and Integrated Watershed Management Project.
Iyo ingurane idahagije cyangwa igatinda gutangwa bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibereho y’abaturage.
Hari aho abaturage basigara badafite aho batura heza abandi bakagorwa no kubona amafaranga yo kubaka inzu nshya mu gihe abana babo bagira ikibazo cyo gukomeza amashuri.
Nyiramwiza Emeliyana avuga ko kwimurwa byamugizeho ingaruka. Agira ati “Navuye mu rugo rwanjye njya kuba mu nzu iciriritse mu gikari cy’abandi. Abana banjye bigaga hafi ubu bagomba gukora urugendo rurerure bajya ku ishuri.”
Abasesenguzi mu by’imiturire n’amategeko bagaragaza ko kugira ngo gahunda zo kwimura abaturage zigende neza hakwiye kongerwa umuco wo gusobanurira abaturage buri cyiciro cy’igenagaciro.
Me Felix Rudakemwa inzobere mu by’amategeko ubarizwa mu kigo Wise Law Firm, asobanura ko umuturage afite uburenganzira bwo kutemera igenagaciro igihe abona ritabaze neza agaciro k’umutungo we.
Ingénieur Olivier Nsengimana inzobere mu bwubatsi asanga igenagaciro rikwiye kujyana n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi n’igiciro cy’ubuzima muri rusange. Agira ati “Iyo igenagaciro ritajyanye n’ibiciro biri ku isoko umuturage ashobora kwisanga amafaranga ahawe atamufasha kubona inzu imeze nk’iyo yari afite.”
Abasesenguzi bagaragaza ko hari ingamba zafasha kugabanya amakimbirane zirimo gusobanurira abaturage uburyo igenagaciro rikorwa gutanga raporo irambuye igaragaza uko agaciro kabazwe ndetse no gushyiraho inzira yoroshye yo kujurira.
Nk’uko biteganywa n’Itegeko Nº 32/2015 kwimura abaturage ku nyungu rusange bigomba gushingira ku ngurane ikwiye, ku mucyo no ku butabera.
Itegeko rirahari kandi rirengera umuturage. Icy’ingenzi ni uko rishyirwa mu bikorwa mu mucyo, mu bwumvikane no mu butabera. Kuko iterambere rirambye rishingira no ku kubaha uburenganzira bwa buri wese.
