A new survey by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) shows that while most households enrolled in the government’s flagship anti-poverty program own mobile phones, many still struggle with poor housing, limited access to clean water, and reliance on traditional cooking methods.
Findings from the 2023/2024 Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (EICV7), released Wednesday, show that 72.4% of households under the Vision Umurenge Program (VUP) own a mobile phone. Nationally, mobile phone ownership stands at 84.6%.
The survey also revealed that of the 391,000 households in VUP, 62% keep livestock. By comparison, nearly 70% of households across Rwanda own at least one animal.
Despite these gains, poverty levels remain high in VUP communities. The report indicates that 41% of households in the program are poor, with 9% living in extreme poverty and 32% in moderate poverty. Poverty is most pronounced among households participating in classic public works, at 48.5%, compared to 43.5% in the expanded public works category.
Health coverage is relatively widespread, with 87% of VUP households enrolled in community-based health insurance. However, NISR noted that coverage remains lower among those in classic public works.
Water access has improved, but 12% of households still rely on unsafe water sources. Housing remains a challenge, with only 13% to 29% of households living in cemented homes. A vast majority — 83% — continue to reside in mud structures.
Cooking practices also highlight inequalities. The report found that 96% of VUP households still use firewood, with 44% relying on traditional three-stone stoves. While 75% own radios, smartphone penetration remains low.
Launched in 2008 by the Ministry of Local Government, the VUP program is one of Rwanda’s most significant social protection initiatives, aimed at lifting citizens out of extreme poverty.
