Leta ya Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo n’ umutwe wa AFC/M23 bimaze igihe bihurira mu biganiro bigamije gushyira iherezo ku ntambara imaze imyaka ine hagati y’ impande zombi.
Muri ibi biganiro bibera i Doha muri Qatar, impande zombi zaganiriye ku ngingo zitandukanye zikubiyemo ibyifuzo bya buri ruhande ngo amakimbirane arangire, amahoro agaruke mu Burasirazuba bw’ icyo gihugu.
Ni muri urwo rwego ku wa 19 Nyakanga 2025, izi mpande zashyize umukono ku mahame agomba gushingirwaho hategurwa amasezerano y’amahoro ndetse icyo gihe zihaye igihe cy’ ukwezi kumwe ngo babe bageze ku masezerno y’amahoro arambye.
Ni amasezerano byari biteganyijwe ko azaba yashyizweho umukono bitarenze kuwa 18 Kanama 2025, ariko ntibyakozwe n’ ubwo kuwa 17 Kanama 2025 n’ ubundi Guverinoma ya RDC n’ umutwe wa AFC/M23 basohoye itangazo ryemeza ko biyemeje gukora ibishoboka byose ngo haboneke amahoro arambye.
Kuri ibu rero, Qatar nk’ umuhuza muri ibi biganiro yatangaje ko yamaze gushyikiriza impande zombi umushinga w’ amasezerano y’ amahoro ushobora kuzashyirwaho umukono niziramuka ziwumvikanyeho.
Muri iyi nkuru, twabegereranyirije zimwe mu ngingo zikubiye muri uwo mushinga w’ amasezerano y’ amahoro nk’ uko byasohotse mu kinyamakuru Jeune Afrique
Jeune Afrique yanditse ko ku wa 14 Kanama 2025, Qatar yoherereje impande zombi umushinga w’amasezerano y’amahoro ngo ziwusuzume, ndetse Qatar yavuze ko ibiganiro bishya bizatangira vuba, bikitabirwa n’abahagarariye Guverinoma ya RDC n’abahagarariye AFC/M23.
Ibiganiro byari biteganyijwe gutangira ku wa 8 Kanama, ariko AFC/M23 yasabye ko habanza gushyirwa mu bikorwa ingingo z’ibanze zubaka icyizere, zirimo irekurwa ry’imfungwa z’intambara.
Ku rundi ruhande umushinga Qatar yoherereje impande zombi urimo ingingo yo kurekura imfungwa, ndetse n’indi mishinga y’inzego zigamije kwimakaza amahoro.
Mecanism
Mecanisme Multilateral
Muri izo nzego harimo n’urwitwa “Mecanisme multilatéral de surveillance” rugomba kuyoborwa ku bufatanye bwa RDC na AFC/M23, Qatar n’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (UA) bakaba abagenzuzi b’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’amahoro.
Umushinga uteganya ko gukemura ikibazo cy’intambara mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC bizakorwa mu byiciro bitatu, bigakorwa mu mezi arindwi uhereye igihe hashyiriweho umukono ku masezerano.
Icyiciro cya mbere kizibanda ku kibazo cy’umutekano n’imibereho myiza, gikubiyemo ishyirwaho ry’umutwe w’ingabo wihariye w’agateganyo ugenzurwa na Minisiteri y’Umutekano mu gihugu.
Izi ngabo zigomba kuba zigizwe n’abahoze ari abarwanyi ba M23 (50%), bagakorana n’igipolisi cya Leta. Zigomba kuba zifite uburenganzira bwo gukora gusa mu bice byugarijwe n’intambara mu Ntara za Kivu y’Amajyaruguru n’iy’Amajyepfo.
Nyuma y’imyaka itanu ishobora kwiyongera, abagize izi ngabo bagomba kwinjizwa mu ngabo n’igipolisi bya Leta.
Ingingo yo kugarura inzego z’ubutegetsi
Uretse umushinga w’ingabo zihuriweho n’impande zombi, Qatar yanateganyije gahunda yo kugarura ubuyobozi bwa Leta mu bice biri mu maboko ya M23.
Iyi ni imwe mu ngingo zikomeye kurusha izindi kuko nyuma yo gushyira umukono ku itangazo ry’amahame ku ya 19 Nyakanga, RDC na M23 byasobanuye mu buryo butandukanye icyo kugarura ubutegetsi bwa Leta bisobanuye.
Kinshasa yavuze ko gusubizaho ubutegetsi bwa Leta ku butaka bwa Congo bivuze ko M23 igomba kuva mu bice yigaruriye, mu gihe M23 ivuga ko idateze kubivamo.
Mu mushinga wateguwe na Qatar, bigaragara ko guverinoma ya Congo yashyiraho abayobozi b’inzibacyuho mu bice bigenzurwa na AFC/M23 kandi hakazabamo no guha amahirwe abakandida bashobora gutangwa na AFC/M23. Abo bayobozi b’inzibacyuho bazarangiza manda mu 2027 ubundi hakorwe amatora.
Ibiganiro bya politiki mu 2026
Abayobozi b’amadini n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bagiye basaba ko habaho ibiganiro muri RDC yose bigamije kunga abaturage bamaze gucikamo ibice.
Umushinga w’amasezerano y’amahoro uteganya ko mu 2026 hategurwa ibiganiro bya politiki by’igihugu cyose.
Iki gitekerezo cyashyigikiwe cyane n’abatavuga rumwe na Leta, Kiliziya Gatolika ndetse n’Itorero ry’Abaporotestant, ariko nticyashyizwe mu bikorwa.
Umutwe wa AFC/M23 uvuga ko utanyuzwe na zimwe muri izi ngingo:
Ku bijyanye no gusubiza mu maboko ya Leta ya Kinshasa ibice AFC/M23 yigaruriye, uyu mutwe uvuga ko wo utabyemera cyane ko wo wari wasabye ko habaho ibyitwa Federalism, ni ukuvuga igihugu kigizwe na Leta zifite ubwigenge bucagase ku kigero runaka. Uku kutanyurwa kwawo, AFC/M23 ngo ikaba yaranamaze kubigeza kuri Qatar.
Ku ruhande rwa guverinoma ya Congo, amasezerano aracyasuzumwa, ariko umwe mu bayobozi bayo yavuze ko intego y’itsinda rizoherezwa i Doha ari uguharanira inyungu za Repubulika no gukumira ko intambara ikomeza.
